-2%
Aciclovir is indicated for the management of viral infections caused by Herpes simplex virus (HSV type I & II) and Varicella zoster virus, including:
Treatment of herpes simplex infections of the skin and mucous membranes, such as primary and recurrent genital herpes and herpes labialis
Management of herpes zoster (shingles) and chickenpox
Prevention of herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised individuals
Aciclovir is a synthetic purine nucleoside analogue with selective antiviral activity against HSV and Varicella-zoster virus. Its antiviral action depends on its conversion inside infected cells to Aciclovir triphosphate, the active metabolite.
The initial phosphorylation occurs via virus-encoded thymidine kinase, followed by further phosphorylation by host cellular enzymes. Aciclovir triphosphate inhibits viral DNA synthesis by competitively inhibiting viral DNA polymerase and terminating viral DNA chain elongation, thereby suppressing viral replication.
After oral administration, approximately 15–30% of the dose is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations achieved within 1.5 to 2 hours. Aciclovir is widely distributed throughout body tissues and fluids, including the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, lungs, liver, saliva, vaginal secretions, and herpetic vesicular fluid. The drug is primarily eliminated via the kidneys through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion.